Now that we've talked about saris and a lower body drape called the fishtail sari on the Fishtail Sari Wrapping page, let's move on to a more complicated drape. This is a drape I've seen only on women in Vijayanagara era paintings. It seems to me to be a development of the fishtail sari, with extra fabric to be draped loosely over the upper torso. For the pictures I've used as source material, consult South Indian Paintings by C. Sivaramamurti. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India: New Delhi, 1994. ISBN 81-230-0052-9
Later note (2012) - I don't have a lot of respect for the text above. The printing is poor by today's standards, and I've found much of the research to be faulty - based on conversations with accredited experts and my own first hand experience of some of the sites listed in this book. However, the picture shown here is from the Lepakshi Temple and referenced in several other texts, so I continue to trust this particular reference point.
I have a special interest in this era. The Vijaynara Empire is the era in which I live. The Empire spans most of the 14th-16th centuries - officially ending in 1565, when the capital city falls to the Mughals. It's the tail end of Hindu domination in India, and it is a time of great temple building and a revival of Hindu culture. We don't have too many pictures of this time - particularly here in the West. Mughal miniatures are generally more popular and are also far better at showing technical garb details - but they generally feature Northerners, not Southerners, such as myself.
The lower part of this drape is much like the fishtail sari. In fact the drape is the same, but there is an additional upper section that makes it all slightly different. I will abbreviate these steps, though, and point you to the fishtail instructions for more information. To measure the point at which to start the fishtail - measure off about 2.5 to 3 yards for the right leg. This includes the pallav - the prettiest part of the fabric. I find that in 9 yard saris, the pallavs are much simpler - usually less than a foot of a border. This is quite a bit more like the historical saris I see in pictures. I usually do this by measuring from my hand to my shoulder three times. I measure it off and put the point I discover on the center of my back - with my ~3 yards of fabric to my right, and all the rest of the fabric to the left..
As with the fishtail - take the two sides of the sari in your hands, near your waist, leaving enough between your hand to encircle your waist. Pull and squish them so that you have two folded ties in front of you, about 6" long. Tie the two portions together around your waist, forming a waistband. I usually use a square knot (the knot that won't slip!) - right over left, left over right. The important thing is that the tie is comfortable and not confining, but also not so loose that the sari will fall off. This tie supports the rest of the draping, and it generally isn't untied until you take the sari off. Usually the waist of my sari sags a bit low over my hips.
Wrap the right (shorter) side around the right leg first. Pleat the end and tuck it so that the pallav hangs down in an attractive manner. This is where a lot of fidgeting comes in. It helps to have a familiarity with wearing the fishtail - you get a feeling for how the legs should hang to be comfortable - tight enough to not be in the way, loose enough to allow mobility. Adjust the leg so that it feels "right" and doesn't have too much extra fabric tucked in at the waist. You may end up retying the waist a few times, giving or removing fabric from the right leg. When everything is all good, tuck the fabric around the waistline, to the middle of the back - as you do in the last step of the fishtail drape.
Measure the fabric around the waist, to approximately the center of the front. From this point, pleat the fabric starting at one long edge, and going to the other edge. There's not an easy way to do this - it generally takes two hands, and it's tricky to get the pleats even with all that fabric hanging off of both side. Don't fret too much - this will largely be hidden under later layers. When you've finished pleating, tuck the pleated section into the center of the front.
Drape the fabric around one side, under both arms. The fabric should hang around the waist and hips. If it's really slippery fabric, you might want to tuck some part of it into the waist. For a little added opulence, I usually fold it in half, with the bottom layer a little wider - so that both edges show.
The pictures usually show the remaining little bit hanging over the opposite elbow - but the drape seems very loose and flowing. So arrange that end bit however it works best for you. And mash down, tuck or otherwise pull around the whole sari until it feels right. It should be comfortable when you walk, and shouldn't be in the way of your arms. There's no law on which direction the waist and shoulder wrap should be. You can go clockwise and end up going over the right shoulder or counter clockwise and go over the left. As long as you keep wrapping in the same direction, it should all work. The picture shows the drape going over different shoulders on different figures - with no clear difference between them.
Here's my take on the basics of using this drape. I've used it for many Pennsics now, and found it reasonably workable for most activities. It's really important to have a thin, soft fabric - the stiffness adds a lot of bulk and makes it very hard to manage. I should mention - this is my very own process based on my thoughts on draping. I have no resources for how this was done in practice - just the pictures I'm attempting to imitate. Chantal Boulanger's work has been a significant inspiration.
Picture taken from: South Indian Paintings by C. Sivaramamurti. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India: New Delhi, 1994. ISBN 81-230-0052-9