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Tripatāka

Asaṃyuta Hasta - Single Hand Gestures

Descriptions and Meanings

200 BCE - 200 CE
The Natysasastra (NS) - Adya Rangacharya
Description:
9

It is the Pataka but with the fourth (Anamika) finger bent.

Meaning:
9:

This is used for beckoning, sending away, saluting, etc. With the hand placed on the forehead it suggests putting on a crown, etc., or for touching auspicious objects. It is used for wiping tears. Swastika formed with both hands is to salute elders.


Based upon:

Patāka - 9

Mentioned by:
Kartarīmukha
200 BCE - 200 CE
The Natya Sastra (NS) - Board of Scholars
Description:
9:27

In the Patāka hand the ring finger is kept bent. This should be known as Tripatāka understand its application (function).

Meaning:
9:28-29:

Invocation, stepping down, dismissal, obstruction, gaining access, lifting up, bowing down, observing similarity, putting out alternatives and suggestions, touching holy and auspicious objects or placing them on the head, wearing the turban or any head gear or putting on the crown, covering the nostril, mouth or ear etc are represented by this gesture.


9:34:

To represent the appearance of an ascetic the hands are to be raised with the palms averted from each other. When the palms are kept facing each other it represents a doorway.


9:36:

Capering gambol of monkeys, surging of the waves, the wafting wind and the moving men are to be represented in a dance with this gesture by those who are adepts in gesture.


9:37:

The hand should be kept with the thumb stretched forward when crescent moon is to be shown. The hand turned towards the back indicates the march of men (against enemies).


Description:
9:30

The same Tripatāka hand when the fingers are kept pointing downwards and moving up and down

Meaning:
9:30:

 represents the flight of small birds, tortuous flow of a streem, wriggling movement of as make and fluttering of bees etc.


Based upon:

Patāka - 9:18

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Description:
9:31

Tripatāka and the ring finger.

Meaning:
9:31:

Wiping off of the tears, applying the Tilaka on the forehead, smearing of Rocanā and touching of the forelocks hairs


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Description:
9:32

The Svastika formation of two Tripatāka hands

Meaning:
9:32:

The salutation to an elderly person is to be shown. For the representation of a marriage caremony the same with tips touching one another is to be employed.


9:33:

When the hands are separated and moved from this position they indicate a royal personage. The Svastika formation carried out obliquely indicates the seeing of a planet.


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Description:
9:35

Two Tripatāka hands first kept supine near the face and the second face downwards

Meaning:
9:35:

represent the submarine fire or battle or the appearance of sharks.


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200 BCE - 200 CE
The Natyasastra, Volume I (NS) - Dr. Manomohan Ghosh
Description:
9:26-32

Tripatāka (flag with three fingers)—the third finger of the Patāka hand to be bent.

Meaning:
9:26-32:

It is to be used in representing invocation, descent, bidding goodbye, prohibition, entrance, raising up [anything], bowing [in salutation], comparing, suggesting alternatives, touching [the head with] auspicious objects or putting them on the head, putting on a turban or a crown and covering the mouth or the ears. This very hand with its fingers pointing downwards and moving up and down is to be used in representing flight of small birds, stream, snake, bees and the like. And with the third finger of the Tripatāka should be represented wiping off tears, drawing a Tilaka or Patralekhā and touching of hairs.


9:32-37:

Two Tripatāka hands held like a Svastika represent adoration of the feet of venerable persons (guru). Two such hands are to meet each other’s end for representing marriage. Separated and moved to the forehead they indicate a king. When obliquely forming a Svastika they represent planets. To indicate an ascetic they arc to be raised with palm turned forward. To represent a door they are to face each other. Submarine fire, battle and sea-monsters are to be indicated by two Tripatāka hands, first raised near one’s face and then moved with the fingers pointing downwards. With these very hands should be indicated jumping of monkeys, waves, wind and women. To show the crescent moon this hand should put forward its thumb, and to indicate a king’s march [against his enemy] this hand should turn itself towards the back.


400 CE - 500 CE
Visnudharmottarapurana (VDP) - Dr. Priyabala Shah
Description:
26:17

In this Patāka hand, when the Anāmika (ring-finger) is bent, it is called Tripatāka.

Meaning:
26:18:

It should be used in calling a person and also in the acting of a crown. When fingers are moved, it indicates small birds.


26:19:

With that Anāmika (ring-finger) the tears are wiped off. To indicate auspicious touch it should be put on the head.


26:20:

It should be also used for covering the ears. It should be used by a person lying on the ground with face raised, for the acting the movements of serpents and the bumble-bees, (Bhramaras).


1000 CE - 1100 CE
Hastalakṣaṇadīpikā (HL) - Sudha E. K.
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Description:
1

The sages say that it is Tripatakahasta if the thumb is slightly bent and it touches the root of the fore finger.

Meaning:
1:

The sunset, 'etc.', expression to address/to accuse a person, drinking, body, to beg are the samyutahastas. There are no asamyutahastas.


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1100 CE - 1200 CE
The Mirror of Gesture (AD) - Ananda Coomaraswamy
Description:
No verse annotation

Tripatāka (three parts of the flag): the third finger of the Patāka hand is bent.

Meaning:
No verse annotation:

a crown, tree, vajra weapon, the bearer of the vajra (Indra), screw-pine flower, light, rising flames, cheek, patterns drawn on the face or body (patra-lekha), arrow, turning round, union of woman and man.


Description:
No verse annotation

According to another book: same definition. It is so called since Sakra (Indra; and others held the vajra. weapon with three parts of the “flag” leaving out the third finger. Its colour is red, it is of Ksattriya race, its sage is Guha. its patron deity Siva.

Meaning:
No verse annotation:

invocation, descent (avalaratta), lifting or bending down the face, touching auspicious things, hook, site (khala), disre¬spect, doubt, crown, tree, Vasava (Indra), vajra, stroking the hair, lamp, marking the brow-spot, tying a turban, applying strong scents, closing the nose or ears, rubbing-down a horse, arrow, screw-pine flower, patterns drawn on the face or body, the flight of certain birds, tongues of flame, Ksattriya caste, red colour.


1100 CE - 1200 CE
Nandikeśvara's Abhinaya Darpaṇam, 3rd edition (AD) - Dr. Manomohan Ghosh
Description:
1:100

Tripatāka (a flag with three). When the ring-finger is bent in a Patāka hand, it is called Tripatāka.

Meaning:
1:101-102:

It is used to denote a crown, a tree, the vajra (thunder bolt of Indra), and the bearer of vajra (Indra), the ketaki flower, a lamp, raising flames, a pigeon, patterns drawn on the face or breast (patralekha), an arrow, and turning round.


Based upon:

Patāka - 1:92-94

Mentioned by:
Ardhapatāka
1100 CE - 1200 CE
Abhinaya Darpanam of Nandikeswara (AD) - P.S.R. Apparao
Description:
7:243-244

When the ring finger of Patāka hasta is bent, it becomes Tripatāka hasta .

Meaning:
7:243-244:

Tripatāka hasta is used to denote the following: a crown, vaira, Indra, këtaki flower, lamp, flames, cheek (pigeon Ghosh), drawing of patterns, arrow, turning round or change, union of woman and man.


Description:
7:245-251

When the ring finger of Patāka hasta is bent, it becomes Tripatāka hasta .

Meaning:
7:245-251:

Tripatāka hasta is used to denote the following: invocation, welcoming, descent, lifting the face, bending down/saluti touching auspicious things, recognition, disrespect, known doubt, crown, tree, Indra, Vajra, stroking the hair, lamp marking tilaka, wearing a turban, covering the nose on hearing strong smell, covering the ears on hearing harsh voices, rubbing down a horse, arrow, Ketaki flower drawing patterns on cheeks and chest, flight of certain birds, rising of flames, Kshatriya caste, red colour.


1138 CE - 1400 CE
Śri Pārśvadeva's Saṅgítasamayasāra (SS) - Dr. M. Vijayalakshmi
Description:
7:40

Tripatakā: When the ring finger is a litle twisted in the Pataka hand it is tripataka.

Meaning:
7:40:

It is used in drying the tears, showing the shape of forehead, touching the things and in ācamana (taking a drop of water during ritual).


1200 CE - 1300 CE
Jāyasenāpativiracita Nṛttaratnāvalī, Volume I (NrtN) - Pappu Venugopala Rao and Yashoda Thakore
Description:
2:106

When the ring finger is bent, it is tripatāka hasta since the other three fingers remain in the patāka position.

Meaning:
2:107:

It is used for invitation of deities, alighting, salutation, picking up, touching sacred ingredients, entering etc. Generally, the names of the hastas bear meanings based on significance.


1350 CE - 1550 CE
Śrihastamuktāvali (HM) - Maheswar Neog
Description:
:37

When in the Pataka hasta the ring-finger is bent, it is called Tripataka hasta, so pleasing to people.

Meaning:
:295:

Welcome, incaranation, abandoning, warding off, entry, revelation, salutation, exposition,


:296:

addressing, the exposition of the feet, thighs, etc., the touching of auspicious objects, thought, etc., sleep,


:297:

the binding of a truban, the putting on of a coronet, small birds, their movements, a little current of water.


:298:

a small serpent, a black-bee, the tusks of an elephant, rending open, cutting, flying insects, a gad-fly, a mosquito,


:299:

the wiping out of tears, the painting of tilaka marks on the forehead, putting on gorocana, setting up of locks on the forehead,


:300:

a man keeping both his hands up, a king, a house, a door, a man practising penance, the fire burning under the ocean, a crocodile, an alligator,


:301:

a monkey, killing, waves, the Malaya breeze, a woman, the thin moon, a wheel of a chariot, a Brahmana,


:302:

a Ksatriya, a Vaisya, a fish, the rays of the Sun and the moon, a pair, equals, reddish-dyed dress of a mendicant,


:303:

air breathed through the nose, the trident of Siva, Garuda, the beak of a bird, a bimba cherry,


:304:

a curved beam fixed at the top of a house, an arch, a mass of things, fat birds, the teeth, sweet words, bitter taste,


:305:

a sour thing, a hot thing, a sweet thing, an astringent thing, a salted thing, the month of Phalguna, madhuparka (honey-mixed offering),


:306:

the wife of a sojourner (prositabhartrka nayika), Balarama,—in all these objects Tripataka hasta is to be owned. 


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Description:
:307

If Tripataka hasta is moved from the front to the lap,

Meaning:
:307:

it stands for welcoming a person.


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Description:
:307

If Tripataka is moved from one side to the other,

Meaning:
:307:

it denotes an incarnation; it means the abandoning (of worship, etc.).


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Description:
:308

If Tripataka is waved at the front,

Meaning:
:308:

it means warding off. Tripataka indicates entrance in the place of its demonstration.


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Description:
:309

If Tripataka is held facing upwards and raised high up,

Meaning:
:309:

it stands for revelation.


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Description:
:309

If the two Tripatakas are joined and shaken on the forehead with the face cast down,

Meaning:
:309:

it is salutation.


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Description:
:310

If Tripataka is taken from the front to the side,

Meaning:
:310:

it means exhibiting an object.


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Description:
:310

Tripataka, facing upwards, is taken to the front,

Meaning:
:310:

it is addressing a person.


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Description:
:311

If Tripataka touches the feet or the thighs, etc.,

Meaning:
:311:

it means those limbs.


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Description:
:311

If with one hand auspicious objects are shown and the other hand in Tripataka touches it,

Meaning:
:311:

it means touching of those auspicious objects.


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Description:
:312

If with the eyes closed a little, Tripataka is brought near one ear so that the fingers touch the head,

Meaning:
:312:

it means pondering, etc.; it also means sleeping.


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Description:
:313

If the two Tripatakas are moved near the ears and they make revolving movements,

Meaning:
:313:

it indicates the binding up of a turban.


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Description:
:314

If the two Tripatakas touch the forehead,

Meaning:
:314:

it is a crown.


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Description:
:314

If Tripataka, facing downwards, is moved to the front with two fingers trembling,

Meaning:
:314:

it picturises a small bird.


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Description:
:315

If Tripataka is raised a little high at the front and then its finger tips are lowered,

Meaning:
:315:

it means the downward flight of small birds.


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Description:
:316

If the two Tripatakas are brought from the top to the left hand side with the fingers undulating,

Meaning:
:316:

it speaks of the current of a small mass of water.


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Description:
:317

If Tripataka, with two of its fingers trembling, is brought from one side to the other,

Meaning:
:317:

it pictures a small serpent.


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Description:
:318

If Tripataka, with two of its fingers shaking, makes circles and moves slowly and at ease from one side to the other,

Meaning:
:318:

it is a black-bee that is thus depicted.


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Description:
:319

If two Tripatakas touch the two ends of the mouth,

Meaning:
:319:

it indicates the two tusks of an elephant. If the left Tripataka is pushed at its base by the right Tripataka,


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Description:
:320

If Tripataka is thrust from the left hand side to the right in an oblique manner,

Meaning:
:320:

it means cutting a thing.


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Description:
:320

If Tripataka is held high and then moved from one side to the other like a flying thing,

Meaning:
:320:

it means flying insects; it means a gad-fly; it means a mosquito.


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Description:
:321

If Tripataka is moved from the eyes downwards,

Meaning:
:321:

it means the wiping. of tears.


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Description:
:321

If the ring-finger of Tripataka is moved from the middle of the two eyebrows to near the hair of the head,

Meaning:
:321:

it means painting a tilaka mark on the forehead.


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Description:
:322

If the ring-finger of Tripataka touches the forehead,

Meaning:
:322:

it depicts the putting on of gorocana.


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Description:
:322

lf the ring-finger of Tripataka rotates round just below the hair of the head,

Meaning:
:322:

it means the short curls of hair on the forehead.


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Description:
:323

If the two Tripatakas are taken from the sides to high above,

Meaning:
:323:

it means a man ever keeping his two hands up.


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Description:
:323

If the two Tripatakas are set on the forehead,

Meaning:
:323:

it is a king.


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Description:
:324

If two Tripatakas are joined at the end of the fingers, and made like a house,

Meaning:
:324:

it means a house.


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Description:
:324

If the two hastas face each other,

Meaning:
:324:

they indicate a door.


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Description:
:325

If two Tripatakas are brought down from the top and placed on the shoulders and then made a little to face backwards,

Meaning:
:325:

it means one engaged in penance.


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Description:
:326

If the two Tripatakas are demonstrated a little on the left,

Meaning:
:326:

it indicates the fire burning under the ocean. It speaks of a crocodile. It denotes an alligator. It suggests a monkey.


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Description:
:327

If the two Tripatakas, first placed on the sides are raised a little and are again thrust down,

Meaning:
:327:

it means killing a person.


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Description:
:328

If the two Tripatakas are shaken at the front,

Meaning:
:328:

it indicates small waves.


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Description:
:328

If after showing a mountain with the hands, the two Tripatakas are moved to the left,

Meaning:
:328:

it denotes a breeze blowing from the Malaya mountain.


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:329

If the left Tripataka is placed on the left side of the buttocks and is then taken to the left side of the trunk of the body,

Meaning:
:329:

it is taken by scholars to mean women.


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Description:
:330

If the thumb of a Tripataka is extended and the hasta faces the dancer,

Meaning:
:330:

it is a crescent moon.


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Description:
:330

If the thumb of the right Tripataka is extended and the finger tips point downwards and make rotating movements,

Meaning:
:330:

it is the wheel of a chariot.


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Description:
:331

If the left Tripataka is taken from the left shoulder a little to the right¬hand side,

Meaning:
:331:

it is a Brahmana.


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Description:
:332

If after the demonstration of a sword the above hasta for a Brahmana is acted,

Meaning:
:332:

Tripataka signifies a Ksatriya.


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Description:
:333

If after the demonstration of a twig the above hasta for a Brahmana

Meaning:
:333:

stands for a Vaisya. If Tripataka, facing downwards, is slowly moved from one side to the other,


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Description:
:334

If the two Tripatakas are carried towards the front and made to move facing each other at a distance,

Meaning:
:334:

it is the rays of the Sun and the moon.


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Description:
:335

If Tripataka is shown at the front,

Meaning:
:335:

 it means a couple. It denotes equals.


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:335

If the two Tripatakas are first put together and then separated to touch the thigh,

Meaning:
:335:

it means the dark-dyed dress of a mendicant.


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Description:
:336

If Tripataka is moved from the front of the nose to further front,

Meaning:
:336:

 it means air breathed through the nose.


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Description:
:337

If Tripataka is held erect at the front,

Meaning:
:337:

it stands for the trident of Siva.


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Description:
:337

If the two Tripatakas are held facing downwards and a little crooked,

Meaning:
:337:

it is Garuda.


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Description:
:338

If Tripataka is moved to the lips, touching it with the tip, it is the lips. If the thumb, middle finger and index fingers of Tripataka are a little lowered at their tips,

Meaning:
:338:

it is a bimba fruit.


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Description:
:339

If Tripataka is held in the shape of a bow overhead,

Meaning:
:339:

it means a curved beam fixed at the top of a house. It means an arch.


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Description:
:340

If the two Tripatakas are held at the front in a position facing the ground,

Meaning:
:340:

it means a big mass of things. If Tripataka is moved up from one side to the other,


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Description:
:341

If Tripataka is brought near the teeth,

Meaning:
:341:

it means the teeth. If Tripataka is brought near the upper and lower lips,


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Description:
:342

If Tripataka is moved to the mouth and shaken,

Meaning:
:342:

it stands for the bitter taste.


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Description:
:342

When this hasta is raised up,

Meaning:
:342:

it means acrid taste. It means saline taste.


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Description:
:343

If Tripataka is kept near the mouth and the ears are shaken (?),

Meaning:
:343:

it is sour taste.


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Description:
:344

If Tripataka is brought from the left to the right side,

Meaning:
:344:

it means the month of Pbalguna.


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:344

If Tripataka, facing downwards, is shaken near the nose, it

Meaning:
:344:

means madhuparka (honey-mixed offering).


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:344

If Tripataka is given the shape of ankusa at the front,

Meaning:
:344:

it is a prositabbartrkd nayika (a woman with her husband abroad).


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:345

If the right Tripataka is held across the forehead, and the left Khatakamukha is held at the front,

Meaning:
:345:

it denotes Balarama.


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1500 CE - 1600 CE
Nartananirnaya of Sri Pandrika Vitthala Vol. 3 (NN) - R. Sathyanarayana
Description:
7:96

Curving the ring finger of patāka [gives] tripatāka.

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1600 CE - 1650 CE
Saṅgītanārāyaṇa (SN) - Mandakranta Bose
Description:
3:335

Patāka becomes tripatāka when the ring-finger is bent.

Meaning:
3:335:

This is applied in touching auspicious objects such as yoghurt and others.


3:340-341:

The [tripatāka] hand is [also] used to move a lock of hair by holding the [same] lock.


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Description:
3:336-337

[the palm] is turned outwards while bending two fingers that are close together.

Meaning:
3:336-337:

In calling [someone]


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3:336-337

The palm is held sideways, touching the head

Meaning:
3:336-337:

in salutation.


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Description:
3:336-337

The ring-finger is placed near the eye

Meaning:
3:336-337:

to indicate tears


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Description:
3:336-337

and moved down

Meaning:
3:336-337:

to wipe away tears.


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Description:
3:336-337

The ring-finger is placed on the forehead

Meaning:
3:336-337:

to indicate putting on a tilaka [mark on the forehead].


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3:338-339

The palm turned upwards with its fingers

Meaning:
3:338-339:

is used in lifting the face up.


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3:338-339

[The face] is bent down and lifted up alternately, being touched with two fingers

Meaning:
3:338-339:

in [expressing] doubt.


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3:338-339

two fingers are thrown outwards with the palm pointing down.

Meaning:
3:338-339:

To indicate abandonment and indifference,


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3:338-339

by holding [the palm] downwards at the side of the head and moving it around.

Meaning:
3:338-339:

Wearing a turban is indicated


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3:340-341

The same [movement] done above the head

Meaning:
3:340-341:

indicates putting on a crown.


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3:340-341

The [tripatāka] hand with two fingers pointing downwards and fluttering near the hip is moved up, in the middle and down sideways

Meaning:
3:340-341:

to indicate respectively a bird, a stream and gentle breeze.


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3:342-343

the hand is held close to the nose, mouth and ears respectively.

Meaning:
3:342-343:

[To mimic smelling] bad odours and in hearing bad words arid noise


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3:342-343

the [tripatāka ] hands are stretched out facing down and touching at the finger tips.

Meaning:
3:342-343:

To indicate marriage,


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3:342-343

The hands are crossed facing downwards

Meaning:
3:342-343:

to indicate worshipping the guru's feet.


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3:344-345

the hands are crossed and held near the forehead and then separated.

Meaning:
3:344-345:

On seeing the king,


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3:344-345

[the hands] are separated obliquely and then joined.

Meaning:
3:344-345:

In viewing a house


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3:344-345

[the hands] are held up facing outward.

Meaning:
3:344-345:

In looking at a renunciate


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3:344-345

The hands should be held face to face

Meaning:
3:344-345:

while showing a door.


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Description:
3:344-345

the hand is moved from the left side of the hip to the shoulder of the body.

Meaning:
3:344-345:

To indicate a woman


No dependencies
Not included elsewhere
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Description:
3:347

The hands are held near the face, stretched forward and point-ing downwards

Meaning:
3:347:

to indicate fire of the nether region, a scorpion or a crocodile.


No dependencies
Not included elsewhere
No associated images
Description:
3:347

the thumb is stretched out.

Meaning:
3:347:

To indicate the moon in the first quarter,


No dependencies
Not included elsewhere
No associated images
Description:
3:347

the thumb points downwards with [the palm] turned back.

Meaning:
3:347:

To indicate the wheel of a chariot


No dependencies
Not included elsewhere

Related Combinations

1100 CE - 1200 CE
Nandikeśvara's Abhinaya Darpaṇam, 3rd edition (AD) - Dr. Manomohan Ghosh
No associated images
Contents:
1:205

Siva : Siva is to hold Mrgasirsa with his left hand and Tripataka with the right one.

No associated images
Contents:
1:206

Visnu: Visnu is to hold Tripataka with both his hands.

No associated images
Contents:
1:211

Indra: Indra is to hold Tripataka and Svastika in his two hands.

No associated images
Contents:
1:212

Agni: Agni is to hold Tripataka with his right hand and Kangula with the left one.

No associated images
Contents:
1:219

Nrsimha: Hold Simhamukha with the left hand and Tripataka with the right one. This is called the hands of Narasimha.

No associated images
Contents:
1:226

Kalki; If Pataka is held by the right hand and the Tripataka by the left one, the result will be Kalki’s hands.

1100 CE - 1200 CE
Abhinaya Darpanam of Nandikeswara (AD) - P.S.R. Apparao
No associated images
Contents:
10:596

When Mrgasirsha and Tripataka hastas are held by left and right hands respectively, it is Sambhu hasta (Siva = Sambhu = Sadasiva = Eswara = Candrasekhara = Arthanariswara).

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Contents:
10:597

Vishnu Hasta - Both hands holding Tripataka hastas denote Lord Vishnu

(Two Tripataka hastas are to be held above the shoulders)